2023-08-03 00:13:49
NPR's Up First is the news you need to start your day. The three biggest stories of the day, with reporting and analysis from NPR News — in 10 minutes. Available weekdays at 6:30 a.m. ET, with hosts Leila Fadel, Steve Inskeep, Michel Martin and A Martinez. Also available on Saturdays at 9 a.m. ET, with Ayesha Rascoe and Scott Simon. On Sundays, hear a longer exploration behind the headlines with Ayesha Rascoe on "The Sunday Story," available by 8 a.m. ET. Subscribe and listen, then support your local NPR station at donate.npr.org.<br><br><em>Support NPR's reporting by subscribing to Up First+ and unlock sponsor-free listening. Learn more at plus.npr.org/upfirst</em>
I watched the Barbie movie, guys.
It was amazing.
Everybody needs to watch it.
You need to watch it, Zach.
I was like crying and laughing the whole time.
Donald Trump is due back in court today.
And he's expected to plead not guilty
to charges that he conspired
to overturn the 2020 election.
He had every right to advocate
for a position that he believed in.
Jaime Martinez with Leila Fadal
and this is Up First from NPR News.
When it comes to climate change,
the science is settled.
Our summers are record hot
and they're going to get hotter.
New polling from NPR shows
that's a top concern for most people
with one exception, Republicans.
And Russia is increasingly using food
as a weapon of war.
After Moscow pulled out of a vital grain deal,
it attacked a port in Ukraine,
damaging 40,000 tons of grain
destined for countries around the world.
What does that mean for global food prices?
Stay with us.
We've got the news you need to start your day.
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On the TED Radio Hour,
MIT psychologist Sherry Turkle.
Her latest research
into the intimate relationships
people are having with chatbots.
Technologies that say,
I care about you.
I love you.
I'm here for you.
Take care of me.
The pros and cons of artificial intimacy.
That's on the TED Radio Hour from NPR.
Former President Donald Trump
is returning to the nation's capital today.
He's set to appear before a federal judge
on new criminal charges
related to January 6th.
Trump faces four new felony counts
stemming from his efforts
to hold on to power
after the 2020 election.
At the same time,
he's running for president.
NPR White House correspondent
Franco Ordoñez is here
to talk about how he's trying
to balance those objectives
and to pay for them.
Good morning, Franco.
Good morning, Laila.
So what do we expect
to happen in court today?
Well, Trump's being charged
with four crimes,
including leading a conspiracy
to defraud the U.S.
and obstructing an official proceeding.
He's expected to plead not guilty
to all of them.
His lawyer, John Lauro,
talked to our own Sasha Pfeiffer
on All Things Considered yesterday,
and he says that Trump
is protected by the First Amendment
and that the Justice Department
is trying to criminalize free speech.
It's a very straightforward defense
that he had every right
to advocate for a position
that he believed in
and his supporters believed in.
Of course, Laila, prosecutors
paint a much different picture
in the 45-page indictment.
They say Trump can advocate
for his position.
They say he can even lie
about the results.
But they say he can't use
the tools of government
and enlist co-conspirators
to try and prevent
a core function of democracy.
That's the peaceful transfer of power.
And this case against Trump
is one of many,
and defending himself can't be cheap.
How is Trump paying all his lawyers
while also funding
an expensive presidential campaign?
Yeah, it's all tangled together,
and defending these cases
has been a drag on the campaign.
I mean, Trump's leadership committee
has spent more than $40 million
on legal costs just this year,
according to The Washington Post.
But he's making a lot of money as well.
The campaign uses these challenges
to really flood the inboxes of supporters
to help fund the defense.
And we've seen the numbers,
and it's been pretty fruitful.
So it's been fruitful to his finances.
He's making money off it.
But what about to his campaign?
What's his messaging on this,
his third criminal indictment?
Well, it's kind of just
all added to the mix.
I mean, Trump points to the charges
to push his claims.
He's a political victim.
He's been on social media
even this morning,
tweeting about free speech.
And I'm sure he'll bring it up
in Alabama and South Carolina,
where he's expected to speak
later this week.
Layla, one popular line
that he likes to repeat,
and I bet we'll hear it soon,
is that federal prosecutors
are not coming after him.
They're coming after you.
He means the voters, of course,
and that he's standing in the way.
And it's a line that often
gets a lot of applause.
You know, his rivals
have been reticent
to speak against him,
some even defending him.
But we did hear from
former Vice President Mike Pence.
Has this indictment
changed those dynamics now?
Yeah, we did hear
some of the sharpest language
yet from Pence yesterday.
President Trump asked me
to put him over the Constitution,
but I chose the Constitution
and I always will.
I really do believe that
anyone who puts himself
over the Constitution
should never be president
of the United States.
It's interesting
because Pence has been resistant
to speak out against Trump,
and most of his rivals
continue to be,
and that's because
of Trump's popularity
with the Republican base.
Both Governor Ron DeSantis
and Senator Tim Scott,
for example,
they accused the Biden administration
of weaponizing government.
So it's going to be interesting
to see whether Pence
benefits from the tough talk
or is politically hurt by it.
White House Correspondent
Franco Ordoñez.
Thank you, Franco.
Thanks, Leila.
July was the hottest month
ever recorded on planet Earth.
Now, those record high temperatures
are fueled by climate change,
and scientists say
it's only going to get hotter.
That is unless leaders
of the world's most powerful countries
step up to curb emissions,
but for the most part, they're not.
And in the U.S.,
a new NPR-PBS NewsHour Marist poll
shows that it's largely
because one political party
is turning away
from the climate crisis.
Joining us now to talk about that
and more in this latest survey
is NPR Senior Political Editor
and Correspondent Domenico Montanaro.
Hi, Domenico.
Hey, thanks for having me.
All right.
So let's get to climate change
and the party we're talking about,
Republicans.
What did Republicans we talked to
say about the climate crisis?
Well, we asked people a few questions
about climate change,
including one that I think
is really key for why
so little is getting done in Congress
to address the problem,
and that's exploring this tension
between climate change and the economy.
Now, climate change is costing
the country and the world
billions of dollars
in disaster funding and preparation,
but Republican messaging to their base
has been about the potential
short-term cost of climate change.
So we asked if priority
should be given to climate change,
even at the risk of slowing the economy,
or to the economy,
even if it means ignoring climate change.
The results really were eye-opening.
I thought overall,
a majority of people said
climate change should be the priority,
including a majority of independents.
But here's the rub.
Three-quarters of Republicans
said the opposite.
In fact, as the days have gotten hotter,
Republicans have only increased
in feeling this way,
up 13 points in the last five years.
A lot of that could be attributed
to the way former President Trump
speaks about the climate crisis.
You know, the leader of the Republican Party
over the last several years.
The science is settled,
the evidence is clear,
but he's downplayed its effects,
and we've seen that base
that loves him so much
seem to really lap up
everything he's had to say.
But, I mean, like you said,
the science is settled.
Don't most people see climate change
as a major threat,
not just to the country,
but to the world we live in?
Yeah, I mean, most people do, you know,
but only a small minority of Republicans do,
and you need Republicans and Democrats
to be able to agree on something
to get something done.
Seventy percent of Republicans
in our poll said that climate change
is either just a minor threat
or no threat at all.
Overall, majorities of respondents
also said climate change
is having a serious impact
and having at least some effect
on their communities now.
But 80 percent of Republicans
said climate change
will in the future
only have a minor impact
or in their communities,
none at all.
The only potential glimmer
for climate change action here
is that younger people
are more likely to say
that they see climate change
as a major threat.
Okay, so this was a fairly
wide-ranging poll
beyond just climate change,
and it dealt with how people
also view institutions
in this country,
like Congress,
where these climate laws
would be made.
What did it find?
Yeah, I mean, institutions
are really suffering right now.
I mean, Congress has,
among the lowest ratings
we've ever tested,
just 22 percent said
they have some confidence in Congress.
The Supreme Court
continues to get poor ratings.
Even the FBI,
which had been so vaunted
for so long,
has become really split
with people with Republicans
not trusting it,
Democrats trusting it.
And we've seen that
there's been all these indictments
of former President Trump,
and it's really been
in the middle of all of our politics.
And we have a presidential election
coming up.
What about politics?
How are people viewing
the parties and President Biden?
Yeah, I mean,
people don't like either party,
you know,
and President Biden
is getting really
middling approval ratings,
just a 41 percent approval rating.
Somebody's got to win in 2024,
even though people
don't seem to like President Biden
or former President Trump.
This spells a lot of volatility,
and we shouldn't be surprised
by any surprises
that come forward
in the 2024 election.
And Piers Domenico-Montanaro,
thank you so much.
You're so welcome.
Ukraine is struggling to find
a way to export its grain
as Russia repeatedly
strikes its ports.
Drones and missiles
have hit Ukrainian ports
on the Black Sea
for the last couple of weeks,
ever since Moscow
withdrew from a deal
safeguarding ships
carrying Ukrainian grain exports
to world markets.
And Russia is now targeting
a main alternative route
for that grain
at Ukraine's ports
on the Danube River.
Joining us now from Kyiv
to talk about this
is NPR's Joanna Kakasis.
Hi, Joanna.
Hi, Leila.
So tell us about these ports
on the Danube River.
How important have they become
to Ukraine's exports?
Well, you know,
since Russia pulled out of that deal
protecting container ships
in the Black Sea,
the river ports of Izmail and Rennie
have become essential
to keeping grain exports moving.
These ports are located
on the lower Danube River
in the far southwest of Ukraine.
The Danube is the largest river
in the European Union.
It starts in Germany
and runs through Eastern Europe,
and it forms part of Ukraine's
border with Romania,
a member of NATO
and the European Union.
The Danube also empties
into the Black Sea,
but in a part of the sea
that is very close to Romania
and, of course, NATO.
And so until now,
it felt more protected
than other ports on the Black Sea.
And I should say
that before the war,
these Danube ports were hardly used.
They are much smaller
than the port of Odessa,
for example.
But now they account
for at least a third
of grain exports,
according to Ukraine's
infrastructure ministry.
Ukraine is also trying
to transport grain by rail and road,
but that's very expensive.
And what kind of damage
have the Russian strikes
on these river ports caused?
Well, on Wednesday,
Russia used drones to hit Izmail,
which is Ukraine's main inland port.
It's right across the river
from Romania.
The drone attacks destroyed
buildings in the port
and also stranded ships
preparing to load
with Ukrainian grain.
Ukraine's infrastructure ministry
said that these attacks
also damaged and destroyed
almost 40,000 tons of grain
that was supposed to be
going to countries in Africa,
as well as to China and Israel.
Global food prices shot up.
And, you know, the attacks,
you know, really scared people
in the city of Izmail.
I spoke by phone with
Mykola Koplyenko,
who lives in Izmail
and works at the local university.
And he said this remote
corner of Ukraine
was largely spared during the war.
And now it feels almost
like a front line
and a front line
just across the river
from NATO and the EU.
It's also dangerous
for the EU, I guess,
because sometimes, you know,
the drone can miss.
The territory of Izmail port
is like 200 meters
from the territory
of the European Union.
In other words, he says,
an errant missile or drone
could strike Romania.
And now you mentioned
this 40,000 tons of grain
that was damaged,
that was supposed to go
to other countries.
Ukrainian grain is a vital
food source for many countries,
especially in Africa.
What options does Ukraine
have at this point
to get the grain
to countries that need it?
So Ukraine's leaders
are asking their allies
for more help,
like to beef up air defense
around these Danube ports.
And Mykola Koplyenko,
the Izmail resident I spoke to,
he said, you know,
they understand
that the Ukrainian military
may not have the resources now.
So he says local residents
are actually trying to crowdsource
to help pay
for air defense equipment.
Meanwhile, with exports,
the alternatives,
transporting this grain
via train or road,
that's much more expensive
and not very efficient.
As I mentioned earlier,
a lot of countries
are relying on this grain.
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