GOP Platform Released, NATO Summit Begins, Advancements In Organ Donation

2024-07-09 00:14:52

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4Speaker 4
00:02.32 – 00:06.18

The Republican Party platform for 2024 is now public.

2Speaker 2
00:06.46 – 00:11.70

The document promises a mass deportation, tax cuts, and speaks very carefully about

00:11.70 – 00:12.08

abortion.

00:12.44 – 00:15.56

How does it appeal to the voters former President Trump needs in the fall?

4Speaker 4
00:15.68 – 00:19.28

I'm Steve Inskeep with Laila Fadl, and this is Up First from NPR News.

00:21.30 – 00:26.22

President Biden is hosting European leaders at the NATO summit in Washington today.

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The alliance is focused on supporting Ukraine in its war against Russia, and leaders are

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also thinking about the election in the United States.

2Speaker 2
00:34.34 – 00:38.88

And doctors have a new way to perform organ transplants for people in need of a liver,

00:39.10 – 00:39.98

kidney, or heart.

5Speaker 5
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That would have been science fiction just a few years ago.

2Speaker 2
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The procedure is saving lives, but it's also raising major legal and ethical issues.

00:49.10 – 00:49.62

Stay with us.

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We'll give you the news you need to start your day.

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On the TED Radio Hour, legendary soccer player Abby Wambach remembers exactly what was going

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on in her mind at a crucial moment during the 2011 World Cup.

5Speaker 5
01:57.72 – 02:01.64

As soon as the ball came off of her foot, I knew that that ball was coming to my head.

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The only thing in my mind was, don't screw this up.

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How to apply sports psychology to everyday life on the TED Radio Hour podcast from NPR.

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The Republican Party has published its platform, the principles it will run on for this fall's campaign.

4Speaker 4
02:17.84 – 02:22.60

At the urging of former President Trump, the document is very short compared with the documents

02:22.60 – 02:24.64

that both parties have put out in past elections.

02:24.96 – 02:27.74

It is revealing for what it says and what it leaves out.

2Speaker 2
02:28.00 – 02:31.48

NPR's Stephen Fowler has been reading, and he joins me now.

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Hi, Stephen.

5Speaker 5
02:32.34 – 02:32.74

Hey there.

2Speaker 2
02:33.04 – 02:33.86

So, what's your impression?

5Speaker 5
02:34.20 – 02:36.24

On the surface, Layla, yeah, it's brief.

02:36.24 – 02:42.34

In 2016, Republicans had more than 66 pages of dense text that sketched out numerous policy

02:42.34 – 02:43.50

goals if they took power.

02:43.98 – 02:49.26

Now, just 16 pages that sounds a lot like a rally speech and reads more like a post

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on Trump's Truth Social website.

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There's short bullet points about plans to make America great again, plus 20 promises

02:56.18 – 03:01.40

typed in all caps vowing to do things like seal the border and stop the migrant invasion.

2Speaker 2
03:01.78 – 03:06.16

Okay, so a lot of slogans and that term, migrant invasion, to describe people crossing the

03:06.16 – 03:07.10

border, jumps out at me.

03:07.24 – 03:11.02

It's language that was also thrown around a lot during the Trump administration and

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then echoed in the racist screed of the shooter in El Paso back in 2019 who carried out that

03:15.84 – 03:17.38

deadly attack on Latinos in a Walmart.

03:17.52 – 03:20.08

So, other than these slogans, do we learn much?

5Speaker 5
03:20.32 – 03:25.50

You can if you also combine that with what Trump did his first four years in office before

03:25.50 – 03:27.98

and what he said on the campaign trail this year.

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I mean, there's the pledge to enact the largest ever deportation operation in American history

03:32.68 – 03:34.30

that's central to his stump speeches.

03:34.90 – 03:37.90

He said that would require help from local police and the National Guard.

03:38.12 – 03:41.88

There's also the suggestion to bring back a travel ban for Muslim-majority countries

03:41.88 – 03:46.94

he pushed during his first year in office about a bring back extreme vetting of immigrants

03:46.94 – 03:51.26

and their backgrounds as they seek to come into the country and an aggressive plan to

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use the military to secure the US-Mexico border.

2Speaker 2
03:54.18 – 03:55.36

Okay, a theme there.

03:55.44 – 03:55.88

What else?

5Speaker 5
03:56.70 – 04:00.94

Well, there's a call for same-day voting, even though the GOP is pushing its voters

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to, quote, swamp the vote and cast ballots early this year.

04:04.60 – 04:09.68

Calls to make America the dominant energy producer in the world come as the US is already

04:09.68 – 04:13.78

the world's leading oil producer, while also including shout outs to artificial intelligence

04:13.78 – 04:17.02

and cryptocurrency, two things that are heavy energy consumers.

04:17.64 – 04:21.88

And Trump's economic proposals, Layla, include more tax cuts and new tariffs on foreign goods

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that some experts say could lead to more inflation.

2Speaker 2
04:24.70 – 04:28.82

So, I didn't hear you mention abortion, though, which is a big issue this election.

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Trump has been evasive at times on what he would sign into law.

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Anything on that?

5Speaker 5
04:33.46 – 04:37.86

Here's where we see both the political impact of the platform as well as its limitations.

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After 35 mentions of the word abortion in 2016's platform, the current platform only

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has one.

04:44.30 – 04:48.74

Because of Trump, the official stance now is that states can decide what level of restrictions

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to enact.

04:49.84 – 04:53.44

I mean, Republicans have been consistently on the losing side of this issue at the ballot

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box ever since that Dobbs Supreme Court decision.

04:56.60 – 05:01.06

While Republicans do not commit here to a national abortion ban, this platform's not

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binding in any way, and it doesn't change the views of many of his allies and advocacy

05:05.46 – 05:09.80

groups who still want that type of restriction and will likely still push for it if Trump

05:09.80 – 05:14.46

wins, especially given language in the platform about the 14th Amendment's guarantee to life

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that leaves the door open for more.

2Speaker 2
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And what's been the reaction to the policy paper?

5Speaker 5
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Well, even though some anti-abortion groups are upset at the softening of the language

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there, there's still Republican unity behind Trump heading into the convention next week.

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Democrats are tying it to the larger Project 2025 proposed by Trump allies to go even further

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with its proposals to reshape the government.

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And everyone seems to agree a second term Trump could get more of this done thanks to

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more allies in Congress and the courts.

2Speaker 2
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That's NPR's Stephen Fowler in Atlanta.

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Thank you, Stephen.

5Speaker 5
05:46.60 – 05:47.02

Thank you.

2Speaker 2
05:55.52 – 06:01.26

NATO allies are gathering for a summit in Washington on the 75th anniversary of the

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alliance's founding in the city where it all began.

4Speaker 4
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The alliance faces some of its biggest challenges as it looks ahead to political uncertainty

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in a number of countries, including the United States.

2Speaker 2
06:11.76 – 06:15.02

Terri Schultz has covered NATO for many years and joins me now.

06:15.06 – 06:15.48

Hi, Terri.

3Speaker 3
06:15.90 – 06:16.70

Good morning, Leila.

2Speaker 2
06:16.96 – 06:17.46

Good morning.

06:17.60 – 06:22.32

So just yesterday, Russia launched one of its most brutal attacks on Ukraine to date,

06:22.32 – 06:25.28

destroying the largest children's hospital in the country.

06:25.70 – 06:28.76

Will this impact decisions being made at the summit?

3Speaker 3
06:29.70 – 06:33.66

Well, Leila, NATO's actually come to expect that Russian President Vladimir Putin will

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do something to draw attention to himself ahead of big events like the summit.

06:37.62 – 06:41.92

But I think in this case, this horrible hospital attack will actually reinforce support for

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Ukraine and its longstanding plea for more air defense to block these Russian missiles

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and save civilian lives.

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So we're likely to see announcements on that at this meeting.

2Speaker 2
06:50.76 – 06:53.78

Yeah, I was really shocked to see that hospital destroyed.

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I was there at the beginning of the war talking to kids being treated.

06:57.36 – 07:02.28

We know Ukraine will not be offered membership at the summit, but what is teed up in terms

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of other kinds of support?

3Speaker 3
07:04.24 – 07:04.64

That's right.

07:04.68 – 07:05.20

No membership.

07:05.30 – 07:08.02

But there are a few items they'll get in this summit declaration.

07:08.60 – 07:13.18

Leaders are expected to approve, for example, handing over to NATO the coordination of training

07:13.18 – 07:16.94

Ukrainian soldiers and the logistics of getting weapons delivered to Ukraine.

07:17.50 – 07:21.00

Those are things the U.S. has largely headed up till now out of Wiesbaden, Germany.

07:21.24 – 07:25.22

And the idea is that it would be NATO-ized or institutionalized.

07:25.70 – 07:30.60

The final declaration will also pledge to keep NATO-wide military contributions to Ukraine

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at the level of 40 billion euros collectively for at least the next year.

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Now, Leila, these are things Secretary General Stoltenberg proposed in part specifically

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because he was worried about what might happen if Donald Trump is elected and follows through

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on those promises to cut off U.S. participation in NATO and cut off aid to Ukraine.

2Speaker 2
07:47.20 – 07:51.40

Would this declaration really compel a potential Trump administration to support it?

3Speaker 3
07:51.78 – 07:55.92

That's a question I also have because the declaration isn't binding and NATO doesn't

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have any enforcement mechanisms.

07:57.78 – 08:01.06

So if Trump wins another term, I don't see how you hold him to these pledges.

08:01.70 – 08:06.04

He's even indicated, of course, that he doesn't even feel bounded by NATO's most sacred principle

08:06.04 – 08:10.64

of collective security, the all for one, one for all pledge, which, by the way, as we recall,

08:10.64 – 08:13.18

has only been ever used to help the U.S. after 9-11.

2Speaker 2
08:13.58 – 08:19.42

And Trump has also tied U.S. solidarity to how much NATO allies, other NATO allies, spend

08:19.42 – 08:22.38

on defense, believing that the U.S. is carrying everyone else.

3Speaker 3
08:22.56 – 08:27.22

He definitely does, and that's been very unsettling to the alliance, and it got only more so in

08:27.22 – 08:31.12

this campaign cycle when, as you probably remember, Trump said Russia should just do

08:31.12 – 08:34.00

whatever the hell it wants to NATO allies under spending on defense.

08:34.26 – 08:37.70

And that's, of course, according to this NATO goal of 2 percent of GDP.

08:37.70 – 08:43.02

Now, 23 of the 32 allies are spending that 2 percent, but it's still true that there

08:43.02 – 08:47.08

are too many military capabilities that NATO without the U.S. wouldn't have.

08:47.22 – 08:50.70

And so allies urgently need to fill those gaps in any case.

2Speaker 2
08:51.00 – 08:53.98

So it sounds like the allies were trying to Trump-proof NATO.

08:54.36 – 08:55.16

Did they succeed?

3Speaker 3
08:55.90 – 08:58.72

It's too early to know, of course, but I'm surprised by one thing.

08:58.76 – 09:01.64

They're not going to set a new higher target for defense spending.

09:02.04 – 09:06.92

They all know that 2 percent of GDP is too low now and more ambition might be seen positively

09:06.92 – 09:08.32

by Trump, but they're not going to do it.

09:08.76 – 09:13.42

There's of course a lot of concern about how admiringly Trump seems to view Vladimir Putin,

09:13.62 – 09:17.34

but I think people are quietly optimistic that he wouldn't actually cut off all U.S.

09:17.40 – 09:18.14

involvement in NATO.

09:18.56 – 09:22.90

And I think, Leila, their best Trump-proofing plan is having chosen former Dutch Prime Minister

09:22.90 – 09:25.92

Mark Rutte to take over as the next secretary general October 1st.

09:26.32 – 09:26.98

Trump knows him.

09:27.08 – 09:28.64

He's even described him as a friend.

09:29.12 – 09:33.26

And Rutte obviously knew a Trump reelection was a possibility, so he must feel up to it.

2Speaker 2
09:33.56 – 09:35.20

That's Terry Schultz reporting from Brussels.

09:35.30 – 09:35.76

Thanks, Terry.

3Speaker 3
09:36.08 – 09:36.62

Thanks, Leila.

?Unknown Speaker
09:41.28 – 09:42.18

Thank you.

4Speaker 4
09:45.36 – 09:49.56

Next we have news of a new approach to organ donation.

2Speaker 2
09:50.12 – 09:54.26

It's a technique to retrieve livers, kidneys, or hearts for those in need.

09:54.68 – 09:56.86

The overall process is well-established.

09:56.98 – 10:00.68

People put right on their driver's licenses that they're willing to be organ donors.

10:01.26 – 10:03.68

Their organs may save a life through a transplant.

10:04.24 – 10:08.10

What's new here is the technique for retrieving those organs.

4Speaker 4
10:08.66 – 10:12.90

NPR Health correspondent Rob Stein got an exclusive chance to watch this happen.

10:13.50 – 10:16.90

And I'll warn you right now that some people may feel uncomfortable with this story.

10:17.00 – 10:17.54

Hi there, Rob.

1Speaker 1
10:17.92 – 10:18.66

Hey there, Steve.

4Speaker 4
10:18.76 – 10:20.36

What is the new technique?

1Speaker 1
10:20.98 – 10:26.40

It's called NRP, which stands for normothermic regional perfusion.

10:26.64 – 10:32.92

And it involves hooking up a special external pump to the organ donor to restart circulation

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and sometimes the heartbeat right after the donor has been declared dead.

10:37.50 – 10:42.24

The idea is to keep the livers, kidneys, and hearts from getting damaged.

10:42.72 – 10:48.14

Dr. Marty Sellers is a surgeon with Tennessee Donor Services in Nashville who let me shadow

10:48.14 – 10:51.38

him on two recent attempts to perform the NRP procedure.

10:51.80 – 10:53.44

It's hard to overstate the importance of it.

5Speaker 5
10:53.50 – 10:57.00

It's revolutionized the number of organs that we are able to get for transplant.

1Speaker 1
10:57.22 – 10:59.96

And it's also improved the function that they have when they get transplanted.

5Speaker 5
11:00.06 – 11:01.62

We are saving lives.

11:01.84 – 11:05.24

That would have been science fiction just a few years ago.

1Speaker 1
11:05.84 – 11:09.98

But, you know, Steve, this new way of getting organs is hugely controversial.

4Speaker 4
11:10.44 – 11:12.86

I can imagine, but what is the issue here?

1Speaker 1
11:13.64 – 11:19.42

Critics say restarting circulation and sometimes the heartbeat is essentially reversing the

11:19.42 – 11:24.20

very conditions upon which the donor has just been declared dead, and that's permanent cessation

11:24.20 – 11:25.00

of circulation.

11:25.76 – 11:29.94

And, you know, Steve, the surgeon also cuts off blood flow to the brain to make sure any

11:29.94 – 11:31.36

brain activity doesn't resume.

11:31.76 – 11:33.32

And that's controversial, too.

11:33.92 – 11:38.58

Alexander Capron is a lawyer and bioethicist at the University of Southern California I

11:38.58 – 11:39.56

talked to about this.

11:39.98 – 11:45.68

I believe the procedure raises very major ethical and legal issues.

11:46.42 – 11:48.54

And yes, I find it disturbing.

4Speaker 4
11:49.10 – 11:55.06

So what was it like when you witnessed this process that must feel to some people like

11:55.06 – 11:57.84

taking the dead and briefly making them undead?

1Speaker 1
11:58.84 – 12:01.24

It was incredibly intense, Steve, I have to say.

12:01.24 – 12:05.44

You know, the first time I hopped on a jet in Nashville with Dr. Sellers and his team

12:05.44 – 12:10.70

to try to retrieve a liver and two kidneys from a donor in Chattanooga, and after spending

12:10.70 – 12:16.92

a long day and very tense night in the operating room, the procedure was canceled in the wee

12:16.92 – 12:22.14

hours of the morning because the donor continued to breathe on her own, even after life support

12:22.14 – 12:23.12

was withdrawn.

12:24.32 – 12:30.26

So I flew back to Tennessee about a week later to see another attempt, this time in eastern

12:30.26 – 12:30.70

Tennessee.

12:31.12 – 12:32.62

Again, it was quite dramatic.

12:33.04 – 12:37.60

There were a lot of complications again, but this time I watched for hours as Sellers was

12:37.60 – 12:42.90

finally able to retrieve two kidneys from that donor using a modified version of NRP.

12:46.84 – 12:51.66

It was pretty powerful and eye-opening watching all this unfold in the operating room.

12:52.02 – 12:53.20

Here's Dr. Sellers again.

5Speaker 5
12:53.60 – 12:56.10

I don't want to oversimplify it, but it's life or death.

12:56.10 – 13:00.28

And while people are discussing the pros and cons of it, people are dying.

1Speaker 1
13:00.68 – 13:05.28

During that second procedure, a surgeon from another state joined Sellers to learn how

13:05.28 – 13:07.18

he could start doing NRP too.

13:07.58 – 13:10.80

So you know, Steve, it's clear this debate won't end any time soon.

4Speaker 4
13:11.04 – 13:12.34

Rob, thanks for creeping me out.

13:12.40 – 13:13.46

I really appreciate it.

1Speaker 1
13:13.56 – 13:13.78

Sure.

13:13.86 – 13:14.70

Any time, Steve.

4Speaker 4
13:14.94 – 13:16.40

That's NPR Health correspondent Rob Stein.

2Speaker 2
13:20.98 – 13:23.16

And that's a first for Tuesday, July 9th.

13:23.16 – 13:24.00

I'm Layla Falden.

4Speaker 4
13:24.08 – 13:24.92

And I'm Steve Inskeep.

13:24.92 – 13:28.62

Your next listen is Consider This from NPR News.

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Up First brings you the news of the day.

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Consider This goes deep on one story.

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13:33.62 – 13:37.94

Today's episode of Up First was edited by Nick Spicer, Will Stone, John Helton, Jenea

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Williams, and Alice Wolfley.

13:39.90 – 13:43.38

It was produced by Ziad Butch, Ben Abrams, and Katie Klein.

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We get engineering support from Arthur Laurent, and our technical director is Stacey Abbott.

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Join us again tomorrow.

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There was chit-chat about, is that really a woman?

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And even now, they're still being checked and questioned.

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Their story is the newest series from CBC and NPR's Embedded.

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Listen wherever you get your podcasts.

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For a while now, you've probably been hearing about book bans, how they're gaining momentum

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everywhere in Texas, in Missouri, Florida, and Pennsylvania.

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On the Code Switch podcast, we're taking a look at why.

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Why are so many books suddenly considered so dangerous to kids?

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Listen to our new series on the Code Switch podcast from NPR.

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